Is authoritative material showing that discriminatory conduct or attitudes were widespread elsewhere in an institution admissible in considering the motivation of an alleged individual discriminator? It may be, rules the Court of Appeal in Chief Constable of Greater Manchester v Bailey (2017) EWCA Civ 425, at paragraph 99.  Such material may make it more likely that the alleged conduct had occurred or that the alleged motivations were operative.  Alternatively, there might be some more specific relevance.  However, such material has always to be used with care.  Moreover, the fact finding tribunal has in any case to identify with specificity the particular reason why it considers the material in question to have probative value as regards the motivation of the alleged discriminator in any particular case. There is no doctrine of “transferred malice”.

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